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G₀ = ρ · Vs²
Shear-wave velocity (Vs) is directly related to material stiffness. G₀ is the small-strain shear modulus and ρ is the density.
Methods
Choose the method for each objective
Each test answers a different question about the subsurface. On many projects we combine more than one.
Surface
MASW and MASW+
A seismic source and a line of surface geophones obtain the site’s Vs profile.
- Non-invasive: no drilling required
- Fast: covers large areas quickly
- Continuous: lateral variation along the line
- Complementary: integrated with SPT and CPT
Delivers: Vs profiles and sections
Between boreholes
Crosshole
Measures Vp and Vs between two or more boreholes at depth, with high vertical resolution.
Suited to: larger projects and designs requiring dynamic soil parameters, such as machine foundations, power plants and special structures.
Delivers: Vp and Vs at depth
Single borehole
Downhole
Measures seismic velocities along a single borehole using a surface source.
Advantage: lower cost than crosshole testing.
Delivers: Vp and Vs profile at depth
Where we apply it
Applications
Transmission tower foundationsWind and solar farmsBuildingsCompaction verificationPower plants and machine foundationsGeotechnical projects in general
Related case studySoil compaction verification with SPT, DMT and MASW+Read the case →
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Let’s talk about your project
Tell us the objective, the site and the project stage. We’ll recommend the most suitable method and scope.